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Using Equalization
One of the most exciting aspects of using a mixer such as the TM500 is the ability to
shape a sound, using a process called equalization. But there are few areas of audio
engineering more misunderstood than equalization, and, just as good EQ can really help
a sound, bad EQ can really hurt it, so read on...
Every naturally occurring sound consists of a broad range of pitches, or
frequencies,
combined together in a unique way. This blend is what gives every sound its distinctive
tonal color. The EQ section in a mixer allows you to alter a sound by boosting or
attenuating specific frequency areas. The TM500 provides a seven-band graphic master
equalizer (more about this shortly) as well as independent three-band equalization
controls for each of its mono channels and two-band equalization controls for each of its
stereo channels (in these channels, the same amount of boost or cut is applied to both
the odd-numbered [left] input and the even-numbered [right] input).
Each EQ knob is labeled with the maximum amount of cut or boost provided (± 15 dB in
the case of Low and High frequencies, and ±12 dB in the case of the Mid frequency).
The Mid frequency control (provided in mono channels only) utilizes a resonant (“bell”)
peaking curve, while the Low and High frequency controls utilize
shelving curves. This
means that, in the case of the Mid EQ control, frequencies around 1.8 kHz are affected;
in the case of the Low EQ control, frequencies around or below 100 Hz are affected; and,
in the case of the High EQ control, frequencies around or above 10 kHz are affected.
We provided these particular frequency areas because they have maximum impact on
musical signals—that’s why they are sometimes known as “sweet spots.”
When an EQ knob is in its center detented position (“0”), it is having no effect. When it is
moved right of center, the selected frequency area is being boosted; when it is moved
left of center, the frequency area is being attenuated.
In most instances, the best way to approach equalization is to think in terms of which
frequency areas you need to attenuate, as opposed to which ones you need to boost
(boosting a frequency area also has the effect of boosting the overall signal; too much
EQ boost can actually cause overload). Be aware of the phenomenon of
masking, where
loud sounds in one frequency range obscure softer sounds in the same range; by cutting
EQ “notches” in a loud signal, you can actually make room for a softer one to shine
through. And try not to think of EQ as a miracle worker—no amount of equalization can
put a singer in tune or remove the distortion from an overloaded input signal! The key
is to get the signal right in the first place, by using correct gain structure and mic
placement.
Although the specific EQ you will apply to a signal is very much a matter of personal
taste, here are a few general suggestions: Boosting the low frequency of instruments
such as bass drums or bass guitar will add warmth and make the sound “fatter”;
conversely, you may want to attenuate the low frequency component of instruments such
as cymbals, high-hats, and shakers so as to “thin” them out. Boosting Mid frequencies
can be used to help bring out vocals or guitars, while attenuating them can help to
reduce “boxiness.” Be careful not to boost high frequencies too much or you risk adding
hiss to the signal, though just a touch can help add “shimmer” to an acoustic guitar,
ride cymbal, or high-hat. Finally, because the TM500 High and Low EQ utilize shelving
curves, attenuated High settings can be used to reduce hiss (which is composed almost
exclusively of high frequencies) or attenuated Low frequencies can be used to reduce
rumble (which is composed almost exclusively of low frequencies).
HIGH
-15
+15
0
MID
-12
+12
0
LOW
-15
+15
0
HIGH
-15
+15
0
LOW
-15
+15
0
Mono channel EQ
Stereo channel EQ
ENGLISH