M-Audio 61es Musical Instrument User Manual


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KeyStudio User Guide
MIDI Messages In-Depth
10
Program & Bank Changes
WhentheMIDIstandardwasrstestablished,itenabledtheusertoaccessonly128differentsoundsusingprogramchange
messages(0-127).AsMIDIdevicesgrewtobemoresophisticatedandcontainmoresounds,bankchangemessageswereincluded
inanupdatedMIDIspecicationtoallowformorethan128soundstobeaccessed.
ThelanguageMIDIusestocommunicatebetweenmusicalinstrumentsonlyallowsforprogramchangecommands0-127,fora
totalof128possibleprograms(127programs+program“0”=128programstotal).BecauseofinherentlimitationsoftheMIDI
communication protocol, the number of directly accessible programs (using program change messages) cannot easily be expanded
beyond 128. Thus, a system of banks, with 128 sounds in each, has been created that enables manufacturers to overcome the 128-
soundMIDIlimit.
128 banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the basic
principle used to expand the number of accessible
sounds.However,toavoidreachingthenewlimitof
the resulting 16,384 possible sounds (128 banks
x 128 programs) accessible using a bank change
combined with a program change, another layer
of banks was added. The result is a system of 128
banks that can contain 128 sub-banks in each
of them, which, in turn, can contain 128 sounds
(programs) within them.
Bank change messages are useful when calling
up sounds from a large library that may exist in a
particular sound module or software synth. For
example devices that are built with Roland’s GS
specification or Yamaha’s XG specification require
you to specify a bank change in order to access the
extra voices and effects that these devices provide.
MIDICC0isthebankselectMSB(MostSignicant
Byte)message.ThisMIDImessageis7-bitinsize
and can be used to select any of 128 banks. This
messagecanbeusedinconjunctionwithMIDICC
32 which is bank select LSB (Least Significant
Byte): a separate 7-bit message allowing additional
selection of any of another 128 sub-banks. The
combination of Bank MSB and LSB messages gives
a 14-bit message that can select any of a possible
16,384 banks. Each bank can in turn contain 128
possible sounds selected via a separate program
changeMIDImessage.Thisenablesauserto
theoretically recall over two million programs directly,
usingonlyMIDIcommands.However,mostdevices
only use a few different banks, and allow you to
access them with either a Bank LSB message
or a Bank MSB message. Please consult your
synthesizer’s or software’s documentation for more
information on which type of bank change messages
it can process.
"ANK-3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK-3" "ANK,3" 0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
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