M-Audio 61es Musical Instrument User Manual


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KeyStudio User Guide
Program Change
Program changes are used to change the instrument or voice you are controlling with your KeyStudio. Program change
messagescanbebenecialwhenusingtheKeyStudiokeyboardtocontrolMIDIsoundmodulesorsynthesizers.Somemusic
software applications support these messages, however, others do not. Check your software’s User Guide to find out if it can
process program change messages.
Inthisexample,wewilldemonstratehowtochangetheinstrumentonaGeneralMIDIsoundmoduletoacellosound.Todo
thisweneedtosendaprogramchangeof42,whichwillselectacellosoundfromtheGeneralMIDIInstrumentsstandardlist
(see Appendix A). There are two methods to send the program change:
1) Increment/Decrement Program Change:
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above F1 (F#1). Now the Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change the program.
2) Quick Select Program Change
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above F4 (F#4), representing “program.”
3. PresskeysD4,thenB3,thenC5.Thisentersthecombination:“4,”“2,”“ENTER.”
NowthekeyboardissettoplaytheGMcellosound42(fromtheGeneralMIDIInstrumentsstandardlist).Thefulllistof
GeneralMIDIprogramnumbersisgiveninAppendixAattheendofthismanual.
Method 1 is useful if you want to cycle through different instruments for the purpose of comparing and choosing which sound
works best in your song. Method 2 is more useful if you want to select a specific sound patch, as is the case here.
IftheOctave“<”and“>”buttonshavebeenassignedtocontroltheprogramnumber(Method1),thelightsabovethe
buttons will not change, since it is not possible to have a program with a negative value. Pressing both the “<” and “>”
buttonstogetherwillrecallProgram0,whichselectstherstsoundpatchonanysynthesizercapableofprocessingMIDI
program changes.
Bank LSB and Bank MSB
Programchangesarethemostcommonlyusedmessagestochangeinstrumentsandvoices.However,thenumberof
instrumentsaccessibleusingonlytheprogramchangeMIDIcommandislimitedto128.Sincesomedeviceshavemorethan
128 voices, they require a method to organize their large number of sounds into banks. These devices then access the sounds
withinthesebanksbyusingprogramchangemessages.Seechapter“MIDIMessagesExplained”foradditionalinformation.
Generally, these devices use Bank LSB (Least Significant Byte) and Bank MSB (Most Significant Byte) change messages.
KeyStudio can send these bank change messages in two possible ways:
1) Incremental/Decremental Bank LSB and Bank MSB Change:
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above G1 (G#1) or Bb1 (A#1), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively. Now the
Octave “<” and “>” buttons can be used to change Bank LSB or Bank MSB.
2) Using the Quick Select Method:
1. Press the Edit Mode button.
2. Press the black key above G4 (G#4), or Bb4 (A#4), representing Bank LSB or Bank MSB respectively.
3. Press the white keys associated with the bank number you wish to select, and then press C5 (Enter). For example,
pressing the C4 (the number 3), A3 (the number 1), and C5 (Enter) keys in this step selects bank 31.
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