M-Audio 49 Electronic Keyboard User Manual


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KeyRIg 49 User Guide
MIDI Messages In-Depth
11
Program & Bank Changes
WhentheMIDIstandardwasrstestablished,itenabledtheusertoaccessonly128differentsoundsusingprogramchange
messages(0-127).AsMIDIdevicesgrewtobemoresophisticatedandcontainmoresounds,bankchangemessageswereincluded
inanupdatedMIDIspecicationtoallowformorethan128soundstobeaccessed.
ThelanguageMIDIusestocommunicatebetween
musical instruments only allows for program
change commands 0-127, for a total of 128
possibleprograms(127programs+program
“0”=128programstotal).Becauseofinherent
limitationsoftheMIDIcommunicationprotocol,
the number of directly accessible programs (using
program change messages) cannot easily be
expandedbeyond128.Thus,asystemofbanks,
with 128 sounds in each, has been created that
enables manufacturers to overcome the 128-sound
MIDIlimit.
128 Banks with 128 sounds in each bank is the
basicprincipleusedtoexpandthenumberof
accessible sounds. However, to avoid reaching the
new limit of the resulting 16,384 possible sounds
(128banksx128programs)accessibleusinga
bank change combined with a program change,
another layer of banks was added. The result is a
system of 128 banks that can contain 128 sub-
banks in each of them, which, in turn, can contain
128 sounds (programs) within them.
Bank change messages are useful when calling
upsoundsfromalargelibrarythatmayexistina
particular sound module or software synth. For
exampledevicesthatarebuiltwithRoland’sGS
specification or Yamaha’s XG specification require
you to specify a bank change in order to access the
extravoicesandeffectsthatthesedevicesprovide.
MIDICC0isthebankselectMSB(Most
SignicantByte)message.ThisMIDImessageis
7-bit in size and can be used to select any of 128
banks.Thismessagecanbeusedinconjunction
withMIDICC32whichisbankselectLSB(Least
Significant Byte): a separate 7-bit message
allowing additional selection of any of another 128
sub-banks. The combination of Bank MSB and
LSB messages gives a 14-bit message that can
selectanyofapossible16,384banks.Eachbank
"ANK-3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK,3"
"ANK-3"
"ANK-3" "ANK,3" 0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
0ROGRAM
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