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MIDI Implementation
Appendices
● About tuning
* Tuning by sending RPN#1 is only possible in GM mode.
In MIDI, individual Parts are tuned by sending RPN #1 (Channel Fine Tuning) to
the appropriate MIDI channel.
In MIDI, an entire device is tuned by either sending RPN #1 to all MIDI channels
being used, or by sending a System Exclusive MASTER TUNE (address 00 0A 00
00H).
RPN #1 allows tuning to be specified in steps of approximately 0.012 cents (to be
precise, 100/8192 cent). One cent is 1/100th of a semitone. System Exclusive
MASTER TUNE allows tuning in steps of 0.1 Hz.
The values of RPN #1 (Channel Fine Tuning) and System Exclusive master tune are
added together to determine the actual pitch sounded by each Part.
Frequently used tuning values are given in the following table for your reference.
Values are in hexadecimal (decimal in parentheses).
+————————+————————+——————————————+—————————————————————+
|Hz in A4| cent | RPN #1 | Sys.Ex. 00 0A 00 00 |
+————————+————————+——————————————+—————————————————————+
| 445.0 | +19.56 | 4C 43 (+1603)| 00 01 02 09 (+50) |
| 444.0 | +15.67 | 4A 03 (+1283)| 00 01 01 0F (+40) |
| 443.0 | +11.76 | 47 44 (+ 964)| 00 01 01 05 (+30) |
| 442.0 | + 7.85 | 45 03 (+ 643)| 00 01 00 0B (+20) |
| 441.0 | + 3.93 | 42 42 (+ 322)| 00 01 00 01 (+10) |
| 440.0 | 0.00 | 40 00 ( 0)| 00 00 0F 07 ( 0) |
| 439.0 | — 3.94 | 3D 3D (— 323)| 00 00 0E 0D (—10) |
| 438.0 | — 7.89 | 3A 7A (— 646)| 00 00 0E 03 (—20) |
+————————+————————+——————————————+—————————————————————+
<Example> In GM mode, set the tuning of MIDI channel 3 to A4 =
442.0 Hz
Send RPN#1 to MIDI channel 3. From the above table, the value is 45 03H.
B2 64 00 MIDI ch.3, lower byte of RPN parameter number : 00H
(B2) 65 01 (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number : 01H
(B2) 06 45 (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of parameter value : 45H
(B2) 26 03 (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of parameter value : 03H
(B2) 64 7F (MIDI ch.3) lower byte of RPN parameter number : 7FH
(B2) 65 7F (MIDI ch.3) upper byte of RPN parameter number : 7FH