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Appendix
About MIDI
180
Owner’s Manual
About MIDI
“MIDI” is an acronym for “Musical Instrument Digital Interface,” and is a worldwide standard designed to allow performance,
voice, and other data to be transferred between musical instruments. Data communication is assured even between musical
instruments and equipment from different manufacturers.
This synthesizer can control other MIDI devices by transmitting note related data and various types of controller data. It can
also be controlled by incoming MIDI messages which automatically determine the tone generator mode, select MIDI
channels, voices and effects, change parameter values, and of course play the voices specified for the various Parts.
Many MIDI messages listed in the About MIDI section and the MIDI Data Format (in the separate Data List) lists are
expressed in decimal numbers, binary numbers and hexadecimal numbers.
Hexadecimal values have “H (hexadecimal)” at the beginning of the data line or at the end of the values. Also, “n” indicates
any integer number.
MIDI Channels
MIDI data is transferred over 16 channels numbered from 1
through 16. Using these channels, 1 - 16, the performance
data for sixteen different instrument parts can be
simultaneously sent over one MIDI cable.
MIDI channels can be thought of as being like television
channels. Each TV station broadcasts on a separate
channel. Your home TV set receives many different
programs simultaneously from several TV stations and you
select the appropriate channel to watch the desired
program.
MIDI operates on the same basic principle. The transmitting
instrument sends MIDI data on a specific MIDI channel (MIDI
Transmit Channel) via a single MIDI cable to the receiving
instrument.
If the receiving instrument’s MIDI channel (MIDI Receive Channel)
matches the Transmit Channel, the receiving instrument will sound
according to the data sent by the transmitting instrument. For
information on how to set the MIDI transmit channel and the MIDI
receive channel, see page 65.
MIDI channel and MIDI port
MIDI data is assigned to one of sixteen channels. However,
we can overcome the sixteen-channel limit by using
separate MIDI “ports,” each supporting sixteen channels.
For details, see page 67.
MIDI Messages Transmitted/
Recognized by this synthesizer
MIDI messages can be divided into two groups: Channel
messages and System messages. Below is an explanation
of the various types of MIDI messages which this
synthesizer can recognize/transmit.
n Some of the following explanations are described in a general
sense, and not necessarily as how they relate to the S90 ES.
For details about the behavior of S90 ES when receiving each MIDI
message, refer to the “MIDI Data Format” and the “MIDI
Implementation Chart” in the separate Data List.
Channel Messages
Channel messages contain data related to the
performance on the keyboard for the specific channel.
■ Note On/Off
Messages which are generated when the keyboard is
played.
Note On: Generated when a key is pressed.
Note Off: Generated when a key is released.
Each message includes a specific note number which
corresponds to the key which is pressed, plus a velocity
value based on how hard the key is struck.
Reception note range = C-2 (0) - G8 (127), C3 = 60
Velocity range = 1 - 127 (Only the Note On velocity is
received)
■ Control Change
Control Change messages let you select a Voice bank,
control volume, panning, modulation, portamento time,
brightness and various other controller parameters,
through specific Control Change numbers which
correspond to each of the various parameters.
Bank Select MSB (Control Change #000)
Bank Select LSB (Control Change #032)
Messages which select variation Voice bank numbers by
combining and sending the MSB and LSB from an external
device. The functions of MSB and LSB messages differ
depending on the tone generator mode. MSB numbers
select Voice type (Normal Voice or Drum Voice), and LSB
numbers select Voice banks. A new bank selection will not
become effective until the next Program Change message
is received.
For more information about Banks and Programs, see
“Voice List” in the separate Data List.
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Weather Report
News
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News
MIDI Transmit channel 2 MIDI Receive channel 2
MIDI
cable