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Appendices
TroubleshootingVarious messages
More about drives
and files
Installing the
options
Specifications
Various listsGlossaryIndex
MIDI Clock
A MIDI message used to synchronize the tempo between
electronic musical instruments. Each beat is divided into
24 clock messages.
Mix down
Also called “track-down.” The process of adjusting and
combining multiple tracks into a fewer number of tracks,
usually to a two-track stereo mix.
MMC
MMC (MIDI Machine Control) is a specification that
allows recorder control signals such as Play, Stop, or
Record to be transmitted via MIDI.
Monitor
The speaker system or headphones used to listen to the
playback output, or the act of listening to this playback.
MTC
MTC (MIDI Time Code) is a specification that allows time
location data to be transmitted via MIDI to allow syn-
chronization between MIDI devices, MTRs, VTRs, and
sequencers.
Mute
To silence a sound.
Optical
Refers to a connector that transfers a digital audio signal
in the form of pulses of light sent over an optical fiber.
Optimize
To adjust hardware (e.g., a hard disk), software, or data
so that it can achieve the maximum possible perform-
ance.
Overdubbing
A multi-track recording technique in which previously-
recorded performances are played back while a per-
former records additional material on other tracks.
Pad
An attenuator that can be applied to an input signal
entering a mixer in order to prevent the input amp stage
from being overloaded by an excessively loud input sig-
nal.
Pair
A function that allows the settings of an adjacent odd-
numbered and even-numbered channel to be edited in
tandem, so that editing a value on one channel will cause
a corresponding change on the other channel. This allows
mixer settings to be made simultaneously for both chan-
nels of a stereo track.
Pan
The left/right position of a sound object in the stereo
field or “panorama.”
Partition
A method by which a single hardware drive is made to
appear and function as multiple drives. Partitioning is
normally performed when formatting a drive.
Peak hold
A function in which the maximum value reached by a
meter is held for a specified duration (or until it is manu-
ally reset).
Phantom power
+48V power supply provided via a mic cable in order to
power condenser microphones.
Phase
The phase of a signal. If signals are at different phases rel-
ative to each other, their volume may be incorrect when
the signals are combined because the signals are partially
canceling each other. Phrase reversal can occur if the pos-
itive (+) and negative (–) wires are accidentally switched,
causing the signals to cancel to silence when they are
added.
Post fader
The state of a signal after it passes through the fader.
Post gap
A blank space left after a song when creating a music CD.
Pre gap
A blank space left before a song when creating a music
CD.
Pre-fader
The state of a signal before it passes through the fader.
Preset
A program or a set of data for a device that is fixed at the
factory and cannot be changed by the user.
Protect
To temporarily prohibit changes to a saved program or
setting.
Punch-in/punch-out
When you want to re-record just a specific portion of a
performance, you “punch-in” at the point where you
want to begin re-recording, and “punch-out” at the point
where you want to stop recording and resume playback.
Q
A term that refers to the narrowness of the frequency
band controlled by a filter. Higher ‘Q’ results in a nar-
rower bandwidth, causing the frequency response curve
to be a steeper ‘hill’ or ‘valley’.
Redo
After using Undo to cancel an operation, Redo can be
used to “undo the undo,” reinstating the effect of the
original operation.
Restore
To reload backed-up data so that it can once again be
used.
S/N
Signal/Noise ratio. This is a numerical value indicating
the ratio of the desired signal (audio signal) to the
unwanted noise, and indicates the amount of residual
noise produced by a device when it should be silent, in
units of dB (decibels). A higher S/N value means less
noise.
S/P DIF
Stands for Sony/Philips Digital audio Interface. The offi-
cial name for this specification is IEC60958, but it is more
commonly called S/P DIF. It is a format for transferring
digital audio signals, and can convey two channels (one
stereo pair) of audio.